COVID-19_how_it_spreads


COVID-19_how_it_spreads



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CURRENT SITUATION
| ABOUTCOVID-19
| THESCIENCE
| GUIDANCE
CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) UPDATE NO. 20 / LAST UPDATED: 27 MARCH 2020
| RESOURCES
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CURRENT SITUATION
| ABOUTCOVID-19
| THESCIENCE
| GUIDANCE
CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) UPDATE NO. 20 / LAST UPDATED: 27 MARCH 2020
| RESOURCES
Current global situation
@ Over halfa million cases of COVID-19 globally
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e Over 21,000 deaths
e USA now has the highest number of cases globally
The pandemic is accelerating exponentially
The 1st 100,000 cases took 67 days,
the 2nd 100,000 cases took 11 days,
the 3rd 100,000 4 days
and the 4th 100,00 just 2 days
eMail] Peehroe: [@ acne
> WHO situation dashboard
=> WHO situation reports
=> UNWEP world travel restrictions
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NEW REPORTED CASES IN LAST 24HRS
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CURRENT SITUATION
| ABOUTCOVID-19
| THESCIENCE
| GUIDANCE
CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) UPDATE NO. 20 / LAST UPDATED: 27 MARCH 2020
| RESOURCES
Number of new cases of COVID-19 per day, by WHO Region
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* There is no data from 22 March due to a change
in the WHO situation reporting period
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CURRENT SITUATION
| ABOUT COVID-19
| THESCIENCE
| GUIDANCE
CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) UPDATE NO. 20 / LAST UPDATED: 27 MARCH 2020
| RESOURCES
Epidemiological insights
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@ Disease progression: approx. 10-
of severe cases become critical
@ Average times:
- from exposure to sy
- from symptoms to
- from symptoms to r
- from symptoms ons
e@ COVID-19 much less frequent
EXPOSURE
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CURRENT SITUATION
| ABOUT COVID-19
| THESCIENCE
| GUIDANCE
CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) UPDATE NO. 20 / LAST UPDATED: 27 MARCH 2020
| RESOURCES
How it spreads
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new virus
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The disease causes respiratory illness with symptoms such as a cough, fever,
and in more severe cases, difficulty breathing. New symptoms more recently
identified include loss of taste and/or smell.
You can protect yourself by washing your hands frequently, avoiding touching
your face, and avoiding close contact with other people. Keep a safe distance
from others of at least 1 meter or 3 feet.
The spread of COVID-19 from person to person is being driven by droplet
transmission — the virus is carried in the small droplets that emerge from the
noses or mouth, when a person with COVID-19 speaks, exhales, coughs or
sneezes. Infection can also happen when a person touches a surface or object
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How is COVID-19 spread and
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CURRENT SITUATION
| ABOUT COVID-19
| THESCIENCE
| GUIDANCE
CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) UPDATE NO. 20 / LAST UPDATED: 27 MARCH 2020
| RESOURCES
Preventing spread
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@ Wash your hands frequently, for 20 seconds each time, with soap and
water or alcohol-based hand rub
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meter or 3 feet, from others
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@ Cover your nose and mouth with a disposable tissue or flexed elbow when
you cough or sneeze
@ Stay home and self-isolate from others in the household if you feel unwell
and follow the instructions of your local health authority
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There are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19 as yet. However,
there are clinical trials underway. WHO will continue to provide new
information as it becomes available.
Related resources:
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How to wash your hands
effectively
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CURRENT SITUATION | ABOUTCOVID-19 | THESCIENCE | LUNG a
CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) UPDATE NO. 20 / LAST UPDATED: 27 MARCH 2020
RESOURCES
Two studies: Transmission of COVID-19
STUDY NO. 1
Air, surface, environmental and protective equipment contamination
by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) from a
symptomatic patient. Ong SWX, Tan YK, Chia PY et al. JAMA, March 4 2020.
DOI:10.1001/JAMA.2020.3227
Setting: [he individual hospital rooms of3 symptomatic COVID-19
patients in Singapore
Investigation: Swabs taken from surfaces in the room (including
tables, lockers, light switches, door handles, toilet and sinks, chairs and
handrails) both before and after routine cleaning with a chlorine solution
were tested. Air was collected for testing using special samplers.
Findings: There was extensive contamination of surfaces prior to
cleaning but swabs were negative after cleaning. All air samples were
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Conclusion: COVID-19is spread through droplet transmission
- respiratory droplets that are relatively heavy, do not travel far and
fall quickly to the ground or other surfaces. Extensive contamination
of the environment can occur however, chlorine-based disinfectant
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normal circumstances
STUDY NO. 2
Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 [COVID-19 virus] as
compared with SARS-CoV-1. Van Doremalen N, Morris DH, Holbrook MG et
al. NEJM. 17 March 2020. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2004973
Setting: Experiment in a research laboratory.
Investigation: Virus grown in laboratory cultures was placed on
a variety of surfaces (plastic, stainless steel, copper and cardboard).
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Special laboratory equipment was used to create very fine sprays (liquid
particles less than 5 microns in size) that can hang in the air.
Findings: Under these favorable laboratory conditions COVID-19 virus
could survive for up to 72 hours on plastic and stainless steel, up to 24
hours on cardboard and up to 4 hours on copper. It could also survive
for up to three hours in aerosols.
Conclusion: Given the right environmental conditions, COVID-19
virus can survive for long periods on certain surfaces and in fine
aerosols that are sometimes produced during advanced medical
procedures. Special precautions are needed for these aerosol-
generating procedures but aerosols are not important in COVID-19
transmission in normal circumstances.
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CURRENT SITUATION
| ABOUTCOVID-19
| THESCIENCE
| GUIDANCE
CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) UPDATE NO. 20 / LAST UPDATED: 27 MARCH 2020
| RESOURCES
How long human coronaviruses stay on surfaces
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Source: J.Hosp.infect. 2020.01
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CURRENT SITUATION
| ABOUTCOVID-19
| THESCIENCE
| GUIDANCE
CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) UPDATE NO. 20 / LAST UPDATED: 27 MARCH 2020
| RESOURCES
Protective measures
You can protect yourself and help prevent spreading of the virus.
@ Wash your hands frequently and thoroughly
@ Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth
© Cover your cough or sneeze with your bent elbow or tissue. Ifa tissue is used,
discard it immediately and wash your hands
@ Follow distancing measures issued for your area and stay at home if you have
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@ If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical care early —
but call by phone first, if possible
@ Keep the house stocked with approximately 1-2 weeks of essential food and
supplies, including prescription medicines
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@ Regularly clean and disinfect surfaces frequently touched
@ Stay up-to-date using information from trusted sources, such as WHO and your
local health authority
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Related resources:
VIDEO:
How to wash your hands
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CURRENT SITUATION
| ABOUTCOVID-19
| THESCIENCE
| GUIDANCE
CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) UPDATE NO. 20 / LAST UPDATED: 27 MARCH 2020
| RESOURCES
New information resources
WHO WhatsApp messaging service
Receive the latest news and information on COVID-19. To subscribe:
text hi’ to +41 79 893 1892
New EPI-WIN website
Access to timely, accurate, and easy-to-understand advice and information from trusted sources
www.who.int/epi-win
EPI-WiN
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